Orlov

The origin of the surname Orlov

Orlov comes from oryol, “eagle.”

What kind of surname is Orlov?

As a descriptive surname (or nickname name), the surname Orlov arose from a personal characteristic — a physical trait, a quality of temperament, or a distinguishing feature of its first bearer. Communities have always coined nicknames, and in the age before fixed surnames these vivid, affectionate or teasing labels — referring to hair colour, stature, complexion or character — frequently became hereditary. Descriptive surnames give an unusually human glimpse of an ancestor, hinting at how they looked or how they were regarded by the people around them.

How Russian surnames work

Russian surnames are overwhelmingly patronymic in form, built with the possessive suffixes “-ov”/“-ev” and “-in” (“belonging to”), as in Ivanov (“Ivan's”) and Petrov. A distinctive feature is grammatical gender: a family's surname takes an “-a” ending for women (Ivanov / Ivanova). Some names are occupational (Kuznetsov, from “smith”) or descriptive, but the patronymic pattern dominates.